{"id":1732,"date":"2014-06-20T15:09:03","date_gmt":"2014-06-20T13:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/?p=1732"},"modified":"2014-06-20T15:09:03","modified_gmt":"2014-06-20T13:09:03","slug":"vad-ar-ett-kinesiskt-tecken","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/?p=1732","title":{"rendered":"Vad \u00e4r ett kinesiskt tecken?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/OOOPIC_vipvip_20080813011524243b5c09683cd6eb189.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1733 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/OOOPIC_vipvip_20080813011524243b5c09683cd6eb189-221x300.jpg\" alt=\"OOOPIC_vipvip_20080813011524243b5c09683cd6eb189\" width=\"221\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a>De flesta svenskar verkar ha mycket sv\u00e5rt att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 vad ett tecken i det kinesiska spr\u00e5ket \u00e4r, ungef\u00e4r lika sv\u00e5rt som vissa kineser har att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 bokst\u00e4ver. \u00c4r varje tecken ett ord? Kanske\u00a0ett ljud, eller en mening? Jag ska f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka f\u00f6rklara det nu, utan att tala om tecknens historia.<\/p>\n<p>Min tes, som kanske inte \u00e4r korrekt, \u00e4r att varje\u00a0tecken i det standardiserade kinesiska spr\u00e5ket (putonghua) st\u00e5r f\u00f6r ett morfem. Ett morfem \u00e4r den mista betydelseb\u00e4rande delen i ett ord. Ett enmorfemigt ord \u00e4r allts\u00e5 ett tecken, till exempel:<\/p>\n<p>eld &#8211; \u706b (huo3)<\/p>\n<p>lampa &#8211; \u706f (deng1)<\/p>\n<p>Skillnaden mellan kinesiska och svenska \u00e4r att i kinesiska har alla morfem ocks\u00e5 bara en stavelse ( i alla fall fr\u00e5n kinesisk synpunkt).<\/p>\n<p>Ett ord som best\u00e5r av flera morfem har s\u00e5ledes fler tecken.<\/p>\n<p>flicka &#8211; \u00a0\u5973\u5b69 (nv3hai2) [kvinna+barn]<\/p>\n<p>haj &#8211; \u9ca8\u9c7c (sha1yu2) [haj+fisk]<\/p>\n<p>En f\u00f6rdel med tecken j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med bokst\u00e4ver \u00e4r att det \u00e4r l\u00e4ttare att komma ih\u00e5g vad varje morfem betyder. Med bokst\u00e4ver kan morfemen suddas ut eller blandas ihop n\u00e4r ordens uttal f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r kan man, under vissa omst\u00e4ndigheter, i kinesiska avl\u00e4gsna de mindre relevanta morfemen n\u00e4r ord sl\u00e5s ihop eller n\u00e4r utrymme p\u00e5 sidan \u00e4r begr\u00e4nsat.<\/p>\n<p>Som i exemplet med hajen, kan tecknet f\u00f6r fisk avl\u00e4gsnas och en l\u00e4sare kan \u00e4nd\u00e5 se att vad du \u00e4n skriver har med hajar att g\u00f6ra, \u00e4ven om ordet inte \u00e4r detsamma.<\/p>\n<p>I l\u00e5neord f\u00f6rsvinner den h\u00e4r styrkan med tecken. Se till exempel:<\/p>\n<p>mikrofon &#8211; \u9ea6\u514b\u98ce(mai4ke4feng1)<\/p>\n<p>men som ocks\u00e5 kan h\u00e4nvisas till som ett:<\/p>\n<p>talr\u00f6r &#8211; \u8bdd\u7b52 (hua4tong3)<\/p>\n<p>I maikefeng b\u00e4r tecknen ingen mer betydelse \u00e4n sitt ljud och d\u00e5 \u00e4r bokst\u00e4ver \u00f6verl\u00e4gsna.<\/p>\n<p>Det var allt. Fr\u00e5gor?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De flesta svenskar verkar ha mycket sv\u00e5rt att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 vad ett tecken i det kinesiska spr\u00e5ket \u00e4r, ungef\u00e4r lika sv\u00e5rt som vissa kineser har att<span class=\"read-more-link\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/?p=1732\">Read More<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kina"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1732"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1734,"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1732\/revisions\/1734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gogab.se\/ainstaincorp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}